![]() ![]() Émile Cohl's Fantasmagorie (1908) is the oldest known example of what became known as traditional (hand-drawn) animation. Porter (among others), Blackton's The Haunted Hotel (1907) was the first huge stop motion success, baffling audiences by showing objects that apparently moved by themselves in full photographic detail, without signs of any known stage trick. Stuart Blackton, Arthur Melbourne-Cooper, Segundo de Chomón, and Edwin S. It would take some more years before animation reached movie theaters.Īfter earlier experiments by movie pioneers J. Animation on film was not commercialized until a few years later by manufacturers of optical toys, with chromolithography film loops (often traced from live-action footage) for adapted toy magic lanterns intended for kids to use at home. When cinematography eventually broke through in 1895 after animated pictures had been known for decades, the wonder of the realistic details in the new medium was seen as its biggest accomplishment. The first to create much longer sequences seem to have been Charles-Émile Reynaud, who between 18 had much success with his 10- to 15-minute-long Pantomimes Lumineuses. The flip book often contained more pictures and had a beginning and end, but its animation would not last longer than a few seconds. The average 19th-century animation contained about 12 images that were displayed as a continuous loop by spinning a device manually. The stroboscopic animation principle was also applied in the zoetrope (1866), the flip book (1868) and the praxinoscope (1877). Series of sequential images had occasionally been made over thousands of years, but the stroboscopic disc provided the first method to represent such images in fluent motion and for the first time had artists creating series with a proper systematic breakdown of movements. In 1833, the stroboscopic disc (better known as the phénakisticope) introduced the principle of modern animation with sequential images that were shown one by one in quick succession to form an optical illusion of motion pictures. ![]() The primary meaning of the English word is "liveliness" and has been in use much longer than the meaning of "moving image medium".Ī projecting praxinoscope, from 1882, here shown superimposing an animated figure on a separately projected background scene The word "animation" stems from the Latin "animātiōn", stem of "animātiō", meaning "a bestowing of life". 6.1 Criticism about the Impact of Animated Movies on Girls. ![]()
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